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直接安装：

sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu

报错：

E: Version '18.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu' for 'docker-ce' was not found

执行下面四条命令：

sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-commoncurl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial stable"

然后再安装就可以了

查看可用的docker版本：

apt-cache madison docker-ce

输出结果：

docker-ce | 5:19.03.3~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:19.03.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.8~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.7~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.6~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.5~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.4~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.3~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.2~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.12.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.12.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.09.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.09.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.06.2~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.06.1~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.06.0~ce-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.03.3~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.03.2~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages

参考：

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